External hardware components, also called peripheral components, are those items that are often externally connected to the computer to control either input or output functions. These hardware devices are designed to either provide instructions to the software (input) or render results from its execution (output).
Input hardware components refer to any physical device used to send information to a computer or other electronic device.
Examples of input hardware components include a mouse, keyboard, trackball, joystick, scanner, microphone, digital camera, and webcam. The mouse is an input device used to control a cursor on a computer screen. It has two buttons for left and right clicks, and a scroll wheel for scrolling through documents or webpages. The keyboard is an input device used to type words, numbers, and symbols into a computer. It consists of a set of keys that are pressed to enter commands or data. Trackballs are an alternative to the mouse, which use a ball on the top of the device to control the cursor. Joysticks are hand-held devices used to control the movement of a character or object on a computer screen. Scanners are used to digitize printed documents, photographs, and drawings. They are often used to create digital copies of physical documents. Microphones allow users to record sound and voice recordings. Digital cameras and webcams capture still images and video footage. They are often used for video conferencing and taking pictures. These input hardware components allow users to interact with computers and provide data for processing. They are essential components of any computer setup.
Output hardware components are physical devices that allow a computer to communicate with its environment. Examples of output hardware components include monitors, printers, scanners, and speakers. Monitors are devices that display the output from a computer. Most monitors are flat-panel displays that use liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. Monitors can also be in the form of a CRT (cathode ray tube) display. Printers are devices that allow a computer to print out documents and other materials. Printers can be inkjet, laser, or even 3D printers. Printers also come in a variety of sizes, from small home models to large commercial models. Scanners are devices that allow a computer to scan documents and other materials. Scanners can be used to scan text, photos, and other documents. Speakers are devices that allow a computer to play audio. Speakers are usually connected to a sound card or other audio output device. Speakers come in a variety of sizes and shapes, including desktop speakers, surround sound systems, and headphones. These output hardware components allow a computer to communicate with its environment in a variety of ways. Without these components, a computer would not be able to interact with its environment.
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